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Balance of PaymentsEffects of Imbalances in Trading Accounts
Effects of Exchange Rate of Balance Payments
Effects of Adjustment MechanismsExchange Rates Factors
Factors Affecting Exchange Rates

Companies involved with international trade have no control of FX market movements.
 

These are buffeted by the vagaries of:
 

  • Confidence in the currency
  • Macro economic factors
  • Political issues
  • Commercial positions of banks
  • Speculation
  • Limiting factors such as central bank intervention and exchange controls
  • Rates of inflation
  • Interest rates
  • Relative purchasing power of the currencies, etc

With so many influences on the Spot Rate of exchange it is often difficult even to guess the direction of a currency movement, let alone the extent and duration of such movement.